PSCAD 4.6.2 FACE - Field and Corona Effects Corona and field performance is an important consideration in the design and operation of high voltage transmission lines. FACE, developed by the Manitoba Hydro International Ltd., can be used to quickly determine the overall corona and field effects. FACE is a computation program used by utilities, consultants, researchers, academia and vendors to assess audible and electromagnetic environmental impacts of transmission lines before undertaking large projects. FACE calculates the audible noises and corona effects by using empirical formulas developed by industry standards. It computes radio interferences by the semi-analytical method, in which generating functions are utilized, and the frequency domain modal analysis is employed to analyze the transmission line geometries. The charge-free fields are calculated by the methods of successive images. Ionized fi elds at and above ground plane for DC, as well as AC/DC hybrid cases, are computed under Deutsch’s assumption and by implementing an efficient algorithm for non-linear two-point initial value problems. Features and benefi ts include: • Analyzes the fields and corona effects for AC, DC, and AC/DC hybrid transmission lines • Used during design of conductors and bundles • Computes environmental effects such as corona and field effects • Creates radio interference profiles • Enables audible noise profile • Calculates corona loss versus rain rates ranging from 0 to 20 mm/hr • Profiles static (space-charge-free) electric fi elds and magnetic fields • Demonstrates ionized electric fields under Deutsch’s assumption • Creates ion charge density outlines, as well as ion current density graphs • Allows customizability with measuring height